If you’re considering retiring in Georgia, there are five cons of moving to Georgia and most guides are still wrong about them.
Weeks ago, we showed you why Georgia is one of the best options for expats right now, and the response was massive. The low cost of living, the tax incentives, the easy visa rules…. It sounds impressive.
But many of you came back with the same question: What’s the catch? And I would not be doing my job if I only showed you the beautiful side. Today, you will discover the biggest catches.
I have been in Tbilisi and talked to expats who lived there to see what life is on the ground. During my last time there I saw how 2 of those obstacles are everywhere. Some of these you’ve probably never considered. One of them changed dramatically in February 2022 and most guides still haven’t noticed it.
If you can handle the 5 obstacles I will show you, Georgia might be the best decision of your retirement. And we start with…
The Language That Will Stop You Cold
Your first utility bill arrives. You pick it up, stare at it, and not one single character makes any sense. Not even close.
Georgian script, called Mkhedruli, was built specifically for this language and shares nothing with Latin, Cyrillic, or Arabic. Every letter looks like a spiral or a hook. You’re not dealing with a steep learning curve. You’re starting at zero.
And the weird letters are just the beginning. The US Foreign Service Institute rates Georgian as a Category III language — around 1,100 hours of classroom study to reach basic working proficiency. Spanish takes about 600 hours. French takes 750.
So if you spent one hour a day on Georgian, you’d need three to four years just to function at a basic level. Most retirees don’t have that kind of time or patience, and most don’t get there.
The grammar makes it even harder. Georgian uses a structure where the subject of a sentence actually changes form depending on the type of verb being used. Verb conjugations shift based on who’s doing what to whom, and even on whether the speaker personally witnessed the action.
A university graduate student who did a full immersion program in Tbilisi described the verbal system as requiring “substantial untangling” even after months of study. That’s a grad student in an intensive program. Now think about what that means for a 62-year-old retiree settling into a new country.
Your lease is a document you can’t read. After a doctor’s visit, your medical notes are completely opaque. The handwritten sign on the pharmacy door tells you nothing.
English does exist in Tbilisi, but it’s concentrated in younger Georgians and tourist-facing businesses. Walk into a government office, try to negotiate with a landlord over 50, or step outside the capital into a city like Kutaisi or a village in Kakheti, and the English disappears fast.
Most expats handle this with Google Translate’s camera function, which reads Georgian script in real time, bilingual friends, and paid fixers for the bureaucratic stuff. Those tools work, but they cost money and energy every single week — you’re building a life on borrowed help instead of real independence.
The expat community is large enough that you can build a real support network over time, but that takes months, and the first weeks, when everything is new and confusing, are exactly when the language wall hits hardest.
It took more than 3 years for me to learn a level IV language (same difficult level as Georgian) using an internet app and some real life conversation, so it is possible, but it is not easy.
The Roads Will Test Your Nerves
Georgia has about 500 road deaths a year. That’s 32 fatalities per 100,000 registered vehicles. The US rate is around 15. The EU average is 4.6. This is a completely different category of road risk — and it affects your daily life in ways often ignored.
And this isn’t about potholes or mountain roads, though those exist too. It’s about driving culture. Overtaking on blind corners is normal. Red lights get run routinely, not occasionally, and in rural areas, alcohol-impaired driving after social gatherings adds a layer of risk that’s hard to put a number on but very real.
One account published in Emerging Europe described a marshrutka driver in the Svaneti mountain region taking shots of vodka before a scheduled mountain run, with another driver offering the reassurance that in Georgia, a little vodka for the road is common. The writer found a different driver. Not everyone does.
For retirees, this creates a real dilemma. You can buy a car, but driving means operating in a traffic environment that would make most Western drivers deeply uncomfortable. You can drive on your foreign license for up to a year, but converting to a Georgian license eventually means navigating a bureaucracy conducted in Georgian — so the language problem comes right back.
Inside Tbilisi, you can manage without a car. Bolt taxis are cheap, the metro covers the central areas, and for daily urban life, you don’t need to drive. But pedestrian safety is its own issue.
A red light in Tbilisi doesn’t mean cars will stop. Experienced expat pedestrians learn fast never to cross on a green signal alone without checking that traffic has actually stopped. If you have any mobility challenges, or slower reaction times, city walking will wear on you.
One expat who’d lived in Tbilisi for two years stopped renting cars after his third near-miss on the highway to Mtskheta. He switched to hiring a local driver for day trips. It costs more, but he called it the best quality-of-life decision he made in Georgia.
Central Tbilisi is calmer than the highways, but that’s a low bar — you still get aggressive urban driving, lanes blocked by double-parked cars, and scooters cutting through gaps you didn’t know existed. If aggressive driving in Southern Europe already makes you tense, Georgia will be noticeably worse.
Budget either for a regular driver or for the mental load of driving defensively every single time you get behind the wheel.
The Price Tag Is Not What It Was
Most of the Georgia content you’ll find online was written before February 2022 – that is when enormous changes happened. When Russia invaded Ukraine, hundreds of thousands of Russians left their country fast. A large number went straight to Georgia, which requires no visa for Russian citizens.
According to Georgian Ministry of Internal Affairs data, 1.4 million Russian nationals entered Georgia between February and December 2022 alone. That’s about a third of Georgia’s entire population. Many were young tech workers with money, and they all needed somewhere to live.
The rental market responded immediately. A one-bedroom apartment in central Tbilisi that cost around $350 a month before the influx jumped to $700–$900 within months — a 101% year-over-year increase, according to the EU Agency for Asylum’s migration assessment.
By 2024–2025, prices stabilized, but they didn’t drop back. Central Tbilisi now costs about $750 a month for a one-bedroom; Saburtalo, popular with expats, is closer to $500. Still affordable by Western standards, but a completely different conversation from what older YouTube videos are quoting.
Local food at the market is still budget-friendly. Bread, Georgian wine, seasonal produce, the basics cost very little and that hasn’t changed. But walk into an expat-facing café in Sololaki or grab a coffee at Fabrika, and you’re paying $4–$5 for that coffee, which is closer to Warsaw pricing than the Georgia-is-ultra-cheap story you’ve been sold.
The city has split into two economies, and if you’re living in the expat-friendly neighborhoods, you’re mostly in the expensive one.
There’s also a cost that is often forgotten: winter heating. A large portion of Tbilisi’s housing stock is Soviet-era construction with poor insulation. In those apartments, gas bills can reach $150–$200 a month or more during winter. That can blow up a tight monthly budget completely, and it hits in January, when you’re least ready for it.
The budget that actually works for a comfortable life in Tbilisi right now is $2,000–$2,500 a month. At that level you can rent a decent apartment, eat well, get around the city, and cover emergencies. The $1,000 a month figure that still circulates in older guides is technically possible, but it means real compromises most retirees in their 60s won’t want to make.
And Georgia’s economy is dollarized in practice — landlords and many service providers quote prices in US dollars. That protects you from currency swings, but it also means there’s no exchange-rate bargain to chase. What you see is what you pay.
Prices in Georgia are comparable to Turkey – and by the way, I am considering writing an article about retirement in Turkey.
The Healthcare
Private healthcare in Tbilisi is not bad. Hospitals like Evex and the American Hospital Tbilisi have English-speaking doctors, modern equipment, and consultation fees that cost a fraction of what you’d pay in the US. For routine care, checkups, and specialist visits, the system handles expat needs well.
But “good for routine care” and “good for a cardiac event at 2am” are two completely different things, and Georgia doesn’t always clear that second bar.
About 90% of Georgian hospitals are privately owned, according to Transparency International’s analysis, and the government’s Universal Healthcare Program covers Georgian citizens only. You, as a foreign retiree, don’t qualify, not even with a long-term residence permit. So from your first day in the country, you’re operating entirely in a private, pay-as-you-go market, which means insurance isn’t a nice-to-have. It’s the whole plan.
Local Georgian plans from providers like GPI Holding or TBC Insurance are $50–$100 a month and cover private hospitals inside the country. International plans from Cigna or Allianz, which include medical evacuation coverage, cost $100–$200 a month depending on your age. If you’re over 55, the international plan is the one you want, because the evacuation clause is where it earns its price.
For anything serious — a cardiac procedure, advanced cancer treatment, complex neurology — the honest answer from Georgian doctors is usually: go to Istanbul. Medical evacuation from Tbilisi to Turkey is a real, regularly practiced option for the expat community there. Without the right insurance, that evacuation and the treatment that follows can reach tens of thousands of dollars.
One expat in her early 60s had a cardiac scare in Tbilisi, the hospital handled the immediate situation well, but her cardiologist directed her to Istanbul for the follow-up procedure. Total cost including travel and accommodation came to over $15,000. Her international insurance covered most of it. Without that coverage, she admitted, it would have been a financial disaster.
Outside Tbilisi, the picture gets harder. Regional hospitals are underfunded, often short on specialists and equipment, and the language barrier doesn’t soften at all in an emergency. Even inside the capital’s best private hospitals, for a critical conversation about a diagnosis or a treatment plan, you want a Georgian speaker with you, and that’s not always easy to arrange fast.
Medication access is another gap. Some standard chronic-condition drugs from the US or Europe aren’t available in Georgia, or they’re sold under different brand names that don’t match your prescription. Advice? Arrive with at least a three-month supply of any medicine you need, and a letter from your doctor listing the medications by its generic name – NOT brand names.
The dental-care situation, by contrast, is quite impressive. Crowns, implants, fillings, all cost 60–80% less than comparable UK or US pricing, with quality that expats rate consistently well.
The Smoke in the Room Nobody Warns You About
Fifty-five percent of Georgian men smoke. According to 2022 WHO data, that compares to about 11% of men in the United States and around 20% across the EU. And when you add up everyone regularly breathing secondhand smoke at home or at work, more than half of Georgia’s entire population is affected.
If you have asthma, allergies, or any respiratory sensitivity at all, this will change your daily life in ways no retirement guide has warned you about.
Georgia does have indoor smoking bans on paper. In the upscale cafés and restaurants in central Tbilisi that cater to tourists and expats, you’ll find them enforced reasonably well. But walk into a neighborhood restaurant, a local bar, a small shop, or basically any gathering that isn’t aimed at foreigners, and the ban effectively disappears.
Apartment building stairwells are another issue entirely. In older Soviet-era buildings, which is where a lot of expats rent because the prices are lower, smoke travels up through stairwells and gaps in window frames directly into apartments. Expat forums in Tbilisi are full of threads about this specific problem, and it’s one of the hardest things to escape.
The social side of it is what catches people most off guard. Smoking in Georgia isn’t just a habit. It’s where bonding happens. Business meetings have smoke breaks. Family dinners have smoke breaks. Social events where you’re trying to build real connections regularly happen in smoky environments.
In a group where more than half the men smoke, the smokers step outside together constantly, and that’s where a lot of the real conversation takes place. As a non-smoker, you’re either standing awkwardly on the terrace with them or sitting alone at the table.
An expat in Tbilisi told us that:
I’m having a hard time with air quality in many cafés and bars in Tbilisi. I go to a café hoping to enjoy the smell of coffee, but often the doors stay open and people stand right by the entrance or windows, so strong cigarette smell drifts inside. It happens in restaurants and bars too, and after a while it feels difficult to avoid. My clothes and hair end up smelling like it everywhere I go. I really like the city and the café culture, but this part has been challenging as someone sensitive to it.
Of course there are ways to mitigate this problem. Some cafés enforce the smoking ban properly and you can build a social life around outdoor activities – Georgia has those in abundance. But every single one of those workarounds requires constant, active management. You can’t just walk into a new space without thinking about it first, and that mental overhead adds up faster than you’d expect.
Now, do you know that Georgia is among THE BEST places in Europe to buy property in 2026? Check out our ranking to see where it lands. And if you’re weighing Georgia against other destinations off the beaten path, our guide to the best European countries outside the EU puts it in context.
Still not sure Georgia is right for you? If you’re at the earlier stage of simply deciding where to move abroad, start there — our full guide walks you through how to choose the country that actually fits your budget, your lifestyle, and your goals before you commit to any single destination.
Levi Borba is the founder of expatriateconsultancy.com, creator of the YouTube channel The Expat, and a best-selling author. Some of the links in our articles may be affiliated links, meaning the author earns a small commission if you make a purchase.
